The Has Been And The Never Was :: essays research papers

The Has Been and The Never WasThis is the story of two very variant individuals who, up until a certain point, could have been called The Has Been and The Never Was. They are both successful actors who pursued slightly different paths to fame. When the two were cast together in the alike(p) movie, their performances were nothing short of spectacular. They proved to all of Hollywood that they were A-list, bankable Talent, and deserved the professional respect accorded to people of this caliber. The movie that they appeared in was Pulp Fiction and the actors are John Travolta and Samuel L. Jackson.First, a few brief sentences about the film that many people call one of the greatest ever made (a simple pursuit on the Internet brings up over 50,000 websites devoted to the movie). Directed by a then unproven Quentin Tarantino, who Roger Ebert calls The Jerry Lee Lewis of cinema, a pounding performer who doesnt misgiving if he tears up the piano, as long as everybody is rocking (Chi cago Sun-Times 10-94) the movie is a combination of several short-stories into a larger story. Tarantino ignores the concept of time, going forrader and backwards in such a way that the ending and the beginning of the movie are almost the same scene. This nonlinear way of shooting, combined with the superb acting of Travolta, and Jackson make the film one that can be watched a dozen times, and every time the viewer will take something different away from it.The Has-beenJohn Travolta is an actor whose career has seen as many downs as it has seen ups. An awe-inspiring Hollywood star of the late 70s and early 80s, Travolta was the youngest of six children innate(p) to tire salesman and former semi-pro football player Salvatore Travolta and high school drama teacher Helen Travolta on February 18, 1954 in Englewood, NJ. Being the baby of the family, Travolta grew up pampered. The Travolta children were encouraged to be creative, and would stage shows in the basement of their home. By a ge twelve, John knew he wanted to be an actor, having already joined an acting workshop in his hometown. He soon began appearing in local theater and began taking tap lessons from Gene Kellys brother Fred. Travolta admits he picked up a lot of moves from TVs Soul Train, and he ascribes his love for dance to the fact that his high school was fifty percent black.

Buckley / Ericsson :: essays research papers

Buckley / EricssonIn their essays both Buckley and Ericsson analyze the different ways we use lie ins to tending and hurt our self in our every day lives, and how this effects American culture. Ericsson shows the way lies can , as she puts it, lubricate the daily machinery of living(128). Buckley, on the another(prenominal) hand uses examples of lies as a way to deny himself and do exactly the opposite of Ericsson. But they both show how we as Americans use lies these ways and others so much that most of us may not realize it.Ericssons essay was obviously about The Ways We Lie, mostly about the way we lie to other people to make their or your own livelihood easier. Buckleys essay is not so obviously about lying, but if you read deeper into the school text you can see how Buckley makes his life harder by lying to himself. When Ericsson is describing the white lie she use the example of a friend telling another friend she looks goodish when the truth is she doesnt. This is exac tly how we use lies to lubricate daily living, we avoid confrontation. The liar deciding what is best for the lied to (Ericsson 121). When Buckley describes the amount of discomfort he endured from the heat on the train, he imagines what would happen to the conductor in an age of more violence. The passengers would seize the conductor and strap him down on a seat over the radiator to sell the fate of his patrons (64). He has strong feelings toward the conductor, because something has not already been done. When the conductor approaches Buckley he has intensions of making the conductor aware of the problem, but the simple stare of his neighbor drives him to omit the plain facts. Even though Buckley notices, the car was flecked with the white shirts of the passengers he uses the stare as a way to dilute the truth into believing that his thought process of turning the heat down would not be the consensus of the rest of the car (64).The way lies have become a part of are daily life as Americans, and the way this has effected our culture is what both Ericsson and Buckley express in their essays. I think Buckley clearly stated his essays purpose when he said, what has happened to the American people.

Kurt Vonnegut :: essays papers

Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut is one of the greatest pacifist writers in the world, although criticized by legion(predicate) he still tries to get his message across to the public. Kurt Vonnegut has written many novels in his lifetime the most well known is Slaughterhouse Five, which tells of his experiences somewhat in World War Two. Throughout all his novels he seems to keep the same recurring Vonnegut theme is the evil that occurs when technology is allowed by man to run rampant. I am the enemy of all technological progress that threatens mankind.(Saturday Evening Post, May/June 86 pg. 38)Kurt Vonnegut was born on November 11th, in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was born into a family where the stick was a respectable architect, but less than a year after his parents marriage came World War One. Prohibition ended the Lieber income from brewing and the Great printing brought a halt to building and hence unemployment to to Vonneguts architect father. Looking back on those years, Vonnegut has said that the time of the Great Depression was not specially hard for him.(American Writers, A Collection of Literary Biographies, Supplement 2,Part 2 pg 754) Kurt Vonnegut had his first writing experience a Shortridge Highschool in Indianapolis. He then be Cornell University where he majored in chemistry and biology. After being kicked out of Cornell he then Enlisted in the army. Soon after his enlistment his mother committed self-annihilation and his father died roughly 13 years after. He had become a German prisoner of war in 1944 which was the inspration for his book Slaughterhouse Five. After return home he began the start of many novels.Many things had affected his life such key items as the Great Depression, his parents dying when he was young, being captured in the war and the death of his 41 year old sister. This would lead him to mock how society would be in years to come. In his first novel actor Piano he makes fun of an electric company that sacrific es humanity for technology. This was set in years to come where scientists and other people of that field were attempting to have machines meditate over humans jobs. This is the start of many personal experiences that motivate him to either mock society or warn them if they are not careful. In exploitation his own experiences he makes his points more realistic.

Labor Law Cases and Materials Essays -- employee union, national labor,

1.In the case Lechmere, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board, 502 U.S. 527 (1992), Lechmere was a large retail inject located in a plaza that also contained several smaller satellite stores. In this case the union filed an unfair labor practice against Lechmere for violating function 7 of the NLRA for not allowing its non-employee organizers to distribute literature on the companies parking lot. There was not sufficient area for on public property for these organizers to be up to(p) to speak with employees. In this case the NLRB ruled in favor of the union stating that The right to distribute is not absolute, but must be accommodated to the circumstances, where it is impossible or unreasonably difficult for a union to distribute organizational literature to employees entirely off the employers premises, distribution on a nonworking area, such as the parking lot and the walkways between the parking lot and the gate, may be warranted.In the case of Republic Aviation Corp. v. NLRB, 324 U.S. 793 (1945), the employer fired four employees in check for violating the companys policy stating, Soliciting of any type lotnot be permitted in the factory or offices. One employee was soliciting union membership in the set out by passing out application cards to employees on his own time during lunch, and three other employees were discharged for wearing UAW-CIO union steward buttons in the plant after being requested to remove them. The NLRB ruled in favor of these employees having the reinstated and had the company remove its no solicitation rule because it violated Section 8(1) of the NLRA. You can see by these two cases that in that respect is a difference between employee and non-employee union organizers. The main difference being in where they ... ...intention of entering in to a collective bargaining agreement. Section 8(d) of the National Labor Relations Act states that to bargain collectively is the performance of the mutual obligation of the employer and t he representative of the employees to meet at reasonable times and confer in good faith with respect to wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment, or the negotiation of an agreement, or any question arising there under, and the execution of a written contract incorporating any agreement reached if requested by both party, but such obligation does not compel either party to agree to a proposal or require the making of a concession (Cox, Box, Gorman, Finkin, 2011). Works CitedCox, A., Bok, D. C., Gorman, R. A., & Finkin, M. W. (2011). Labor law cases and materials. (5th ed.). New York, NY Thompson Reuters/Foundation Press.

Allen Pinkerton Essay -- essays research papers

Allan Pinkerton , born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1819, emigrated to Chicago. He wasAmericas first private eye. A world of realityy contradictions, he was a conservativewho strongly opposed slavery, a very cautious man who risked his life capturing criminals,a militant labor adapter who suppressed the labor movement, and fought for womensrights to be detectives.During his twenty-eight year career as a private detective, Allan Pinkerton and hisagency investigated over a thousand crimes. Pinkerton was twisty in many dramasof the nineteenth century. Work and the Underground Railroad became his life. ThePinkertons fed and sheltered fugitives in their own home. Pinkerton was a very moralman and despised slavery. The crisis over slavery brought the nation to the brink of theCivil War. The South demanded a guarantee that slavery would continue in the stateswhere it was already established and permitted to mobilize to the Midwest and West. TheSouth also wanted the North to return any slav es who fled there via the UndergroundRailroad. The North wanted to stop the spread of slavery. In 1850 the fleer Slave Actwas passed, which made it a federal crime for slaves to run away and a crime for anyoneto assist them. Allan Pinkerton could be arrested and imprisoned for his involvementin assisting the slaves.When the war began, Allan Pinkerton would finally combine his detective skills withhis abolitionist beliefs. Allan Pinkerton protected Abraham Lincoln against southernradicals, who demanded the Union be dissolved and the Southern states form an independentgovernment. They dislike Lincoln because they feared he would abolish slavery. In 1861,Pinkerton uncovered a plot to assassinate President Lincoln. Pinkerton , with his top agents,posed as Southern sympathizers and found themselves deep down the conspirators. As a spyin the their midst, the plot was uncovered. As President Lincoln changed trains inMaryland on February 22, he would be shot. Some of the guards protect t he Presidentwere also Southern radicals. At the same time there was another plot to blow up the train carrying Lincoln. Once the train was destroyed, they would chop off the telegraph wires andblow up bridges and train tracks to prevent Northern troops entry into Baltimore.If President Lincoln was killed, there would definitely be a civil war. Pinkerton acte... ... he still worked for the government by investigating merchants who werecheating them by selling faulty military supplies.When the war ended, Allan Pinkerton returned to Chicago to build up his privateinvestigation business. On April 14,1865, President Lincoln was assassinated. AllanPinkerton was not there to protect him.The end of the Civil War did not bring peace to America. thither were continuous outburstsand gangs were formed to rob trains. Pinkerton and his agents pursued the outlaws withvengeance, the most famous being the James brothers.In 1869, Allan Pinkerton suffered a stroke, but fought the paralysis. A new ba ttlefieldemerged in the 1870s in the coal mines, steel mills, and factories. The workers weretreated like slaves, and fought back. Pinkerton was employed to end these organizations,to infiltrate, gather evidence, and convict them. A strike broke out in a steel plant, endingin fatalities. Pinkertons reputation was seriously damaged.Allan Pinkerton died in 1884. He was a legend, gaining an international reputation forcrime solving and protection. When the F.B.I. was founded, it was sculpturesque afterthe Pinkertons National Detective Agency.

Allen Pinkerton Essay -- essays research papers

Allan Pinkerton , born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1819, emigrated to Chicago. He wasAmericas first one-on-one eye. A man of many a(prenominal) contradictions, he was a conservativewho strongly opposed slavery, a very cautious man who risked his life capturing criminals,a militant labor organizer who inhibit the labor movement, and fought for womensrights to be detectives.During his twenty-eight year career as a private detective, Allan Pinkerton and hisagency investigated over a thousand crimes. Pinkerton was involved in many dramasof the nineteenth century. Work and the Underground Railroad became his life. ThePinkertons fed and sheltered fugitives in their own home. Pinkerton was a very moralman and hate slavery. The crisis over slavery brought the nation to the brink of theCivil War. The South demanded a guarantee that slavery would continue in the stateswhere it was already established and permitted to spread to the midwestern United States and West. TheSouth also wanted the No rth to return any slaves who fled there via the UndergroundRailroad. The North wanted to stop the spread of slavery. In 1850 the Fugitive buckle down Actwas passed, which made it a federal crime for slaves to run away and a crime for anyoneto assist them. Allan Pinkerton could be arrested and imprisoned for his involvementin assisting the slaves.When the fight began, Allan Pinkerton would finally combine his detective skills withhis abolitionist beliefs. Allan Pinkerton protected Abraham capital of Nebraska against southernradicals, who demanded the Union be dissolved and the Southern states form an independentgovernment. They hated Lincoln because they feared he would abolish slavery. In 1861,Pinkerton uncovered a plot to assassinate chair Lincoln. Pinkerton , with his top agents,posed as Southern sympathizers and found themselves within the conspirators. As a spyin the their midst, the plot was uncovered. As President Lincoln changed trains inMaryland on February 22, he would b e shot. Some of the guards protecting the Presidentwere also Southern radicals. At the same time there was another plot to blow up the train carrying Lincoln. Once the train was destroyed, they would cut the electrify wires andblow up bridges and train tracks to prevent Northern troops entry into Baltimore.If President Lincoln was killed, there would definitely be a civilised war. Pinkerton acte... ... he still worked for the government by investigating merchants who werecheating them by selling faulty military supplies.When the war ended, Allan Pinkerton returned to Chicago to build up his privateinvestigation business. On April 14,1865, President Lincoln was assassinated. AllanPinkerton was not there to protect him.The end of the Civil War did not bring peace to America. There were perpetual outburstsand gangs were formed to rob trains. Pinkerton and his agents pursued the outlaws withvengeance, the most famous being the James brothers.In 1869, Allan Pinkerton suffered a strok e, but fought the paralysis. A new battlefieldemerged in the 1870s in the coal mines, steel mills, and factories. The workers weretreated like slaves, and fought back. Pinkerton was employed to end these organizations,to infiltrate, gather evidence, and convict them. A strike broke out in a steel plant, endingin fatalities. Pinkertons reputation was seriously damaged.Allan Pinkerton died in 1884. He was a legend, gaining an international reputation forcrime solving and protection. When the F.B.I. was founded, it was modeled aft(prenominal)the Pinkertons National Detective Agency.

Communication Research and Advertising Essay

1 MAIN ISSUEContent analysis of contrastive fanciful concepts and their characteristics utilize in eight selected advertizings found in two publications separately week cartridge holders Drum and You of July 11, 2013.1.1Main issue criteriaCreative concepts utilize in the advertisement entrust play a subject matterful role whether the campaign succeeds or not. Pictures, text and captions be but some of the few items that are habitd to structure the advertisement. In other instances, advertisers exercise unique payoff lines which en equal them to be a cut above the rest.1.1.1Nature of lookThe question approach is two qualitative and quantitative. The use of narrative info on the study prompted the adoption of qualitative approach. The quantitative approach came as a result of a data that was counted and numeric completelyy measured.1.1.2Time dimensionThe nature of the research is cross-sectional. The study is conducted through the use of July 11, 2013 editions of Dru m and You. Both are weekly magazines. Therefore research findings are limited to the abovementioned period.1.1.3ActionExploratory and descriptive studies are use to determine characteristics of fictive concepts use in selected advertisements for the research project.see morepta meeting narrative report1.1.4IssueThe issue at circulate is to look at fictive concepts used by several(a) advertisers from the selected advertisements publish in the July 11, 2013 editions of Drum and You.1.1.5MethodA issue analysis of two publications Drum and You and promotional communicates carried through the use eight selected advertisements.2RESEARCH CRITERIAEvery study conducted has to meet research criteria. It had to be applicable, researchable, cost-effective and should not violate acceptable ethical standards.2.1RelevanceDrum and You form part of the bell ringer media which remain vital component of mass communication. Advertisers also used these platforms to reach out to the target ma rket. As a result of that, the research issue is relevant and meets the criteria for communication research.2.2ResearchabilityEvery newspaper and magazine carries various advertisements. Advertisers pay for the space booked in the publication. The study will therefore be easily conducted imputable to the growing number of businesses that used these platforms to publicise their goods and services. Every advertisement has atleast a creative concept.2.3FeasibilityDrum and You take for been readily available. There were other daily and weekly newspapers to choose from. The same goes about magazines there were weekly and calendar monthly magazines which were available at a reasonable cost. One has chosen these two publications as they were already in the collection. They form part of investigators regular weekly and monthly read.Decision to choose the two publications was somehow influence by the fill they offer. The other one carries women issues while the bordering one is for socc er enthusiasts.2.4Ethical acceptabilityAdvertisements used will be acknowledged in the sources consulted section. The same will keep back about publications that carried them, Drum and You.3EXTENTTwo publications have been chosen to conduct the research they are July 11, 2013 editions of Drum and You both are weekly magazines. The study analyses creative concepts utilise in the advertisements.3.1Brief background of the publicationsIt is imperative to know about the publications used for the study. In this research we use popular weekly publications.3.1.1DrumDrum is a family magazine in general aimed at black readers and contains market news, entertainment and feature articles. It was established in 1951 as African Drum by former test cricketer and author bobsled Crisp and Jim Bailey. In 2005 Drum was described as the first black lifestyle magazine in Africa. Drums heyday in the fifties fell between the Defiance Campaign and the tragedy at Sharpeville. This was the decade of pot ential Black emergence, the decade when the Freedom Charter was written. The aim was to publicise an get even society. The Nationalist government responded with apartheid crackdowns and treason trials. Drum was a record of naivety, optimism, frustration, defiance, courage, dancing, drink, jazz, gangsters, exile and death. The magazine described the world of the urban Black the culture, the colorise, dreams, ambitions, hopes and struggles. The backbone of the magazine was crime, investigative reporting, sex (especially if across the colour line) and sport. This was fleshed out by imaginative photography. The formula worked and made for compulsive reading. Each issue of Drum was read by up to nine people, passed from hand to hand on the streets, in the clubs or on the trains. It became a symbol of Black urban life. About 240000 copies were distributed each month across Africa. This was more than any other African magazine. 3.1.2YouYou is a mho African family magazine which is aime d at demographically diverse South African English-speaking readers of different ethnicities with coverage on current events and interesting people. It has two sister magazines Huisgenoot (aimed at White and touched Afrikaans-speakingreaders) and Drum. The You magazine was launched in 1987 by Nasionale Pers, which later became Media24. You is published in Cape Town. The publication covers human interest articles, celebrity news, both local and international current affairs.3.2Geographical boundaryThe study will be conducted in Bloemfontein, Free State. The research worker is based in the Free State capital hence the reason for the study to be conducted in the area.3.3Nature of the clock dimensionThis is a cross-sectional study which will be conducted through the use of Drum and You July 11, 2013 editions. Drum has variety of advertisements targeting general society, from body lotions to luxury vehicles. You on the other hand had advertisements such as education, mens health prom otions and cellphones. The study will be conducted between July and September 2013.3.3.1Motivation for choice of timeBoth copies of Drum and You have been purchased a few weeks subsequently one has registered for the course conference Research (COM3706). Advertisements which met basic requirements for the assignment were readily available. This is the main reason why the choice of time is relevant to pursue the study.4POPULATIONAccording to Van Rensburg (2010150) a population can be defined as the entire group of persons or set of objects and events the researcher wants to study.4.1Target populationAccording to Du Plooy, GM (2009109) target population is the actual population to which the study is used to generalise results.The population for the study has to be all the newspapers and magazines from which various advertisements were reviewed before a final decision was taken by the researcher. Eventually two publications Drum and You wereidentified. Four advertisements have bee n selected from each publication. Both copies have carried galore(postnominal) other advertisements but the assignments requirement is to select just four of them from a copy.The researcher has gone through weekly and weekend newspapers. They include Sowetan, Daily Sun, The Citizen, The New Age, Mail & Guardian, City Press and Sunday Times. On the other hand magazines included KickOff, Move, Real, Soul, True Love, Drum and You.4.2Accessible populationIn this regard, the convenient population is the publications from which the sample will be drawn for the study. Drum and You are conveniently available for the researcher to identify advertisements that will be analysed for research purposes.4.3Population characteristicsAdvertisements establish various creative concepts to make sense of the meaning and messages conveyed to the target market. Therefore various population parameters have been used to achieve advertisers goal with the published promotion. In the study, we have seen how pictures, punchy headlines, well- programmeed texts, among others, were used to draft different creative concepts. Below is the list of four population characteristics that one reported about in the research findings. Colour codes use Headline Photographs Body copy Text visuals4.4Units of analysisThe smallest units that were analysed for the study, among others, include well-designed texts to differentiate certain products from that of their competitors. Pictures of the advertised products were also attached.In Drum, DSTV, Rajah, Playtex and Edgars advertisements have been identifiedfor the research. On the other hand, in You the researcher has identified advertisements of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Samsung, Dermalex and Regal Pet Health.Various eye-catchers have been applied in the advertisements used for the study. Subheadings were punchy, but we cannot patronise if they were indeed factual. Headlines and pictures seemed to complement each other. So far, headings that promis ed customers benefit appeared to work the best.One has analysed pictures and graphics used, slogans, text applied, including headlines used in the advertisement.The abovementioned elements form a backbone in making sense of creative concepts.5ASSUMPTIONSLingerie designers use small, beautiful ladies in their promotional campaigns to drive the message home that their underwears will make them look immobilise and energetic.Advertisers use slogans to catch the attention of consumers and thus ensuring that they easily recall their products. And more importantly, they were able to differentiate them from those of their competitors.Amplification creative concept becomes a must when advertisers promote expensive goods such as cars.Brand names are repeated more than once in the advertisements and this is done through the use of well-designed texts, logos and pictures.5.1Sub issuesDo lingerie designers use young and gorgeous ladies to promote their wears?Do advertisers use slogans to get the attention of consumers in order to ensure that they recall their products and not veil them with those oftheir competitors?Is an amplification creative concept a must when advertisers promote expensive goods such as cars?Do inciter names get repeated more than once in the advertisements through the use of well-designed texts, logos and pictures?6GOAL and OBJECTIVESThe study seeks to investigate practical issues which are creative concepts used in advertisements.6.1Nature of the goalThe nature of the research is applied goal. The researcher has investigated how creative concepts can be more effective in the advertisements. The study is more practical as one had to cut advertisements from both Drum and You magazines before they could be converted into soft version via the use of a scanner.6.2Relationship of goal to the main issueBy its own nature applied communication research is descriptive and explorative. This is also the typesetters case with the study the researcher is per suading.The explanatory objective is as a result of practical exercises to be conducted end-to-end the course of the study. The descriptive objective is as a result of determining how creative concepts will be applied in the selected advertisements from Drum and You.7RESEARCH QUESTIONSDoes the use of young models in lingerie effective to attractive customers and connect them with the benefits of the advertised underwears?Can advertisement deliver the good message to the intended audience even if the slogan was not applied to the optimum use?Why is it so vital to use amplification creative concept over others when promoting expensive goods such as vehicle?What is the role played by headlines, pictures and copy text in conveying the advertisement message?8THEORETICAL APPROACHThe theory that is applicable for the study will be explained through both connotative and designative. Some of the creative concepts used are attached to typographical error meaning while others are figurative .For instance, some ravisher products claimed that they will enhance the skin of young ladies and they will appear more attractive than ever before after using their lotions. The use of young models offered the literal meaning as one could easily associate with what was seen on the photo accompanying the advertisement. pools and Johnsons African arouse are case in point in this regard.Figurative meaning, for example, can be seen in the Toyota Etios advertisement. The words such as, Take your smile for a test drive. It was a figurative expression that one will be happy to drive the car and the testimony of that can be found in the test drive.8.1What each creative concept meanPink is the feminine colour. The Ponds and Johnsons African Nurture advertisements made use of the colour as they promote womens beauty products.The happy looking ladies, who have been used as the faces of these products, somehow, were a sign of the benefit that comes with their use.The promise of benefit was o ne of the fundamental creative concepts. The ladies were used as a proof to the claim that was made by the advertisers that their products will do wonders for the users.Another colour that was used by the advertisers was yellow. The denotative meaning of the colour was happiness. The Toyota Etios advertisement promised users some excitement as they will be smiling. The yellow colour was used extensively in the background of the advertisement.The same colour yellow was used heavily in yet another Johnsons African Nurture advertisement. We have seen a group of young gorgeous ladies, generally dressed in yellow dresses, overjoyed after using the beauty-enhancing product.A factual approach was applied that one can hammer on was in the SuperSport advertisement of HD-PVR Decoder. Action pictures of footballers such Orlando Pirates striker Benni McCarthy and Chelsea forward Fernando Torres have been used to back up the story.Over and above watching high explanation pictures on television , viewers will have the benefit of watching best football matches in Europe the live coverage of Barclays Premier League, Spanish La Liga, Germans Bundesliga, South Africas Premier Soccer League and the UEFA Champions League matches.Slogans on the other hand form a vital component. The advertisements of Peugeot, Toyota and Ponds were among those that have used this creative concept to back up their brands.A detailed explanation of the new Toyota Etios summed up the use of amplification creative concept in the advertisement. Users were informed in not so many words about the benefits of the car and which features have been installed.Both the Johnsons African Nurture advertisements were loaded with the appeal creative concept. They were specifically targeted at African women.The SuperSport advertisement provokes curiosity while it also had the slogan on, World of champions. They urge readers and welcome them to the nextlevel. It was a metaphor used to urge readers to use HD PVR Decod er for better and quality television pictures.The Scorpion Legal Protection advertisement urged the consumers to take consummation by enlisting their legal services from as little as R39. Clients were also provided with an sms number for further clarity.A classic example of the use of brand name in the advertisement was visible in the Peugeot promotion. It was repeated with words and pictorially with the logo emblazoned.9RESEARCH DESIGNThe research design is both qualitative and quantitative.9.1Qualitative designThe design is relevant as the study will identify and realize various creative concepts used on eight selected advertisements. Effectively this also serves to examine elements that distinguished various advertised products from those of their competitors. Creative concepts remain fundamental muscle of each advertisement.The critical aspect in this regard is the fact that the design is all about analysing content from, among others, pictures, texts, messages used from selec ted advertisements for the purpose of the study.The study will go further to analyse data by comparing findings from all identified advertisements. The researcher will look at the similarities and differences spotted on the selected advertisements.The comparative analysis comes as a result of explanations of similarities and differences found in eight selected advertisements which prompt the study. This, after having realised how various advertisers use creative concepts in getting messages across.9.2Quantitative designThe researcher will count the number of creative concepts applied in each an every single advertisement selected. The figures will be presented on the tally sheet.The tally sheet will show in detail which advertisement that has used many creative concepts compared to others. However, we cannot make a claim directly that there was a common and obvious creative concept appearing most much or less often in any advertisement.9.3Inductive reasoningThis was applicable as t he researcher has interpreted the collected data for the study. For example, the use of certain act upon such pink and purpose would best be aligned with femininity. This was the reason why Playtex has resorted to these colours for their advertisement.9.4Deductive reasoningThe researcher looks on how general assumptions related to the advertisement messages are applied. For instance, creative concepts remain the lifeblood of each an every advertisement.9.5Methods and techniques to collect qualitative dataThe researcher will read and look intently on how advertisements are crafted. How the graphics, pictures, headline texts and words, among others, are put together in building creative concepts and eventually producing the advertisements.We get to understand the meaning even though connotative and denotative messages are delivered to draw the attention of the readers. One had to understand the style and language used and its relevance to the advertisement.The researcher looks on how certain colour codes are applied to ensure certain advertisements live to the theme of the promoters.9.6Methods and techniques to collect quantitative dataContent analyses of various advertisements as well as inferential statistics of the number of creative concepts used were fundamental in this regard.As outlined earlier, the outcomes to this fact had been presented in the tally sheet as appeared in the data analysis section.10CONCLUSIONS11SELF-ASSESSMENT AND REFLECTIONSLearntSkillsShortcomingsOutcomesSOURCES CONSULTEDBarker, R & Angelopulo, G. 2009. coordinated Organisational Communication. Cape Town Juta. Du Plooy, T. 2001. Communication research. Only study guide for COM306D. Pretoria University of South Africa. Du Plooy, GM. 2009. Communication research Techniques, methods and applications. Cape Town Juta. Fourie, PJ (ed). 2009. Media Studies Volume 3 Media content and media audiences. Cape Town Juta. Johnsons African Nurture advertisement. 2012a. Real, alarming 2. Johnsons African Nurture advertisement. 2012b. Real, high-flown 47. Koekemoer, L (ed). 2005. Marketing Communications. Cape Town Juta. Peugeot advertisement. 2012. KickOff, August 5.Ponds advertisement. 2012. Real, August 51.Reid, J & Van Heerden, M (eds). 2009. Media studies media content and media audiences. Only study guide for COM303A. Pretoria University of South Africa. Scorpion Legal Protection advertisement. 2012. KickOff, August 22. SuperSport advertisement. 2012. KickOff, August 83.Toyota advertisement. 2012. Real, August 111.University of South Africa. 2012. Department of Communication Science. CMNALLE. Important guidelines and Information regarding your studies University of South Africa. University of South Africa. 2012. Department of Communication Science. Communication Research. Tutorial Letter hundred and one/2012Semesters 1 and 2 University of South Africa. University of South Africa. 2012. Department of Communication Science. Communication Research. Tutorial Letter 102/201 2 Semesters 1 and 2 University of South Africa. University of South Africa. 2012. Department of Communication Science. Communication Research. Tutorial Letter 103/2012 Semesters 1 and 2 University of South Africa. Van Rensburg, GH. 2010. Research in the social sciences. Only study guide for RSC2601. Pretoria University of South Africa. Vaseline advertisement. 2012. KickOff, August 17.SELF-ASSESSMENT AND SELF-REFLECTIONThe researcher has learnt about effective techniques of how to collect research data, analyse and interpret for both the research proposal and the final study. One has also been able to identify and solve research problems.Important skills earned from the study were to understand how advertisements can use more than one creative concept to convey the message to the users. The concepts used completed each other and pointed out to different angles of the final output. It goes without saying that one has managed and was able to interpret print advertisements accurately.To get to understand subproblems and cardinal assumptions in the research study and how to formulate relevant research questions.In addition to that, the researcher is now able to craft relevant research designs that are appropriate for investigating the main research problem.A notable shortcoming of the study was that it could not address all the problems identified as the advertisements were already been printed. that could only make certain inputs. Due to the changes in the market, researchers were prompted to always come with the ways and ideas of overcoming these challenges and gauging the emotions of consumers.

Keats’ grandfather Essay

I liked Death of a Naturalist, although it wasnt pretty and it wasnt nice. Sometimes it wasnt unconstipated like a rime, more like a story that I can relate to, for I used to gather frogspawn and have the sm each(prenominal) tadpoles break in into frogs.I like the fact that it is a modern poem, that Heaney lived in N. Ireland and that this is probably a psycheal memory. It makes it interestingnessing for me I often wonder w present that flax-dam is, or if it is thus far around, or if it looks as I imagine.I like the way there atomic number 18 no specific rules followed by this poet, that Heaney doesnt allow them to rule his poem, and that we get in that precious bit of baby information. That is what makes the poem different, unique and special. Then the change in atmosphere alters the poem, makes it frightening, and I can laugh at the child here because that never happened to me.Comparison of Keats and Heaneys different attitudes and techniquesKeats lived in 19th century E ngland and Heaney lived in 20th century N. Ireland, so their outlooks on life be outflow to be different, reflecting on their poetry.Keats lived at a time when poets were born, non made, and those who were poets t intercepted to be upper class gentlemen who did not need to earn an income. So the odds were stacked against him from the start. He was born in 1795 and came from a lower class family and when he was ten the first of many an(prenominal) tragedies struck him, changing his personality forever. His founding father was thrown from his horse, cleanuping him, then Keats mother remarried, and almost immediately after Keats grandfather died.While Keats and his siblings moved in with their grandmother his mother disappeared, and then reappeared a few years later, ill with tuberculosis. Keats nursed her until she died and after that his attitude to the world changed. He then trained to be an apothecary and passed the exam in 1816It was at this time that Keats started to writ e poetry. Although Keats was considered a Romantic poet Romanticism at that time was a rebellion, the lead figures world Coleridge and Wordsworth, who were under heavy criticism.In 1818 the tuberculosis that would kill Keats showed itself, probably contracted from his brother Tom who Keats had nursed. While under the strain of his illness he met Fanny Brawne, with whom he fell in love with, and in September 1819 Keats wrote many odes including Ode to Autumn, despite his sickness.He died in 1821 when he was just 26. Keats had a short, intense life, and his poetry reflected that. He was passionate, and never did anything by halves he put all his effort into it. In Ode to Autumn Keats writes fervently approximately his autumn as he shoot the breezes it.However Heaney was born almost 145 years after Keats in 1939. He lived at the family farm in Mossbawn. In 1961 he took a first in incline at Queens College, and two yr. later took up a position as an English lecturer there.His poetry began under the guidance of Philip Hobsbaum, an English poet whose work involved his interest in natural imagery, with occasional violence filtered through. Heaney used these ideas in his work, and was also influenced by Ted Hughes, a personal friend and fellow poet.Heaneys poem is about nature turning nasty, and at time Heaney had already lived through World War II, so the world seemed like a dark place at that time. This poem may be Heaney echoing this thought.Keats and Heaney both see things passionately, and paint a vivid intense picture of it, they microscope what they see, like that they are similar, but the similarities end there as what they do see is very different. Keats sees the beautiful cover of nature and Heaney to the bare basic of nature.The most obvious differences in these two poems are the techniques, as Keats and Heaney are far apart in years their language and various techniques differ. Keats uses old language, which was probably common in those days, while som e of Heaneys words are very close to speech. Keats language accompanies his classic English style of poem, uses the traditional metre in conjunction with that customary style of English poem. Heaneys poem uses the metre along with alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia, punctuation and scatological words to get his message across Heaneys often strong words call up that your throat even moves like a frog.In Ode to Autumn Keats writes as if he is removed from the autumn scene, watching from afar. An air of calm detachment surrounds it, and it is more of an expression of This is how it is than I feel. Keats autumn is a picture frozen in time, beautiful and undying ageless for him. He sees it as it is then, and not the corrupt, which depart eventually take over. Keats refuses to see that, and is an idealist, cerebrateing that things stay as you see them, but in a way they do for Keats because we see it in the poem and he sees it in his head the same forever, and the poem is a way of f orever preserving it.Heaneys nature has a darker meaning, beneath the surface there is many layers to nature, this is just one, one of the many. However the same is not true for Keats as his nature is more simple and idealistic. Heaney chooses to show us that nature is splendid, but underneath the cover it is also frightening. He is looking for answers because we only ever see part of the story (like in the poem, we only ever see the story from the childs point of view), because we dont know everything. We have to grow and learn from our experiences, and this is Heaneys experience, and there is a change in the child from being a child emotionally and being protected from things like that, and being an adult, as he grows and learns.Heaney allows us to feel and see the full force of nature, the horror, and see that we cannot control it, but that the decay can. The decay equals the change in nature, and is a metaphor for the change in the child. We are part of nature and while we are n ot controlled by the change caused by decay what we see and feel and thus learn from changes us.Keats nature is a divine force, nothing, not even decay can change it for Keats. The power of this poem is supposed to bring alive for us autumn as Keats sees it. Thats what Romanticism is about, turning something that an ordinary person would see as perhaps disgusting, into something beautiful and wonderful. For Keats art cures everything, it didnt matter that he was dying of tuberculosis but it did matter that he wrote this poem.I think Heaney is trying to show that maybe we are taught to see things by society, and nature is the untamed truth e.g. the child is taught at school about the frogspawn but not how it is made, not mentioning the sexual reproduction involved. Nature is a better teacher than man, it teaches about that, it teaches about recycling in the decay.It is not enough for Heaney to just watch nature like Keats does. He must be involved in nature. He gets his wellington bo ots out and gets stuck in. This most likely comes from having lived on a farm, and having all the experiences he did. Keats poem came from his ultimately dreamy heart, forever impractical on looking at things as they are.

Auditing Stages

The civilize of this discussion is to explain how an attender goes about the process of canvassing fiscal asseverations and presents the five basic stages that the attendee performed during the pecuniary statement scrutinize at Maryward Primary School in Kwekwe for the year ending 31 December 2012. In order to be in a position to fulfil auditing responsibility to idea on the clients annual financial statements, the auditor followed a series of procedures and activities as ask by the auditing profession.The auditor applied the following audit stages pre-engagement activities, preparation, test of controls, substantive procedures, bound and reporting. Puttick et al (2012102) defines an audit according to Section 1 of APA as the examination of, in accordance with prescribed or applicable auditing standards a) financial statements with the objective of expressing an opinion as to their fairness or compliance with the identified financial reporting simulation and any statutory requirements.Pre-engagement activities There are five pre-engagement activities and considerations. The auditor at this stage performed a new client investigation in order to apply the new appointment as a way of managing conflicts and threats to the auditor. Assessments of any threats to the independence of the auditor was done as an audit engagement should not be real where the auditors independence is compromised.The other assessment done was the line of products chance faced in order to avoid the jeopardy of association with a client whose integrity is questionable and berthicularly where motivation exists to misstate disclosures in financial information or indulge in illegal business and fallacious reporting practices as it likely to render the auditors business risk unacceptable. The factors considered during the investigation included business reputation of Maryward Primary School. An assessment of the forking of the audit assignment and the estimated time, required to finish the work was done.An engagement letter was prepared to provide the clearest record of the terms of the engagement. ISA 210 provides the contents of an engagement letter to be sent to the client to help prevent misunderstandings with respect to the engagement. Also, SAS 140 requires that an auditor should agree with the client the terms of the engagement to be undertaken and the terms should be pen therefore the letter of engagement will be required whenever a new auditor appointment is accepted.The main constituent features of a typical letter of engagement are responsibility of directors and auditors, the scope of the audit, other services, fees, Applicable law (Zimbabwe) and agreement of terms. The auditor accepted the engagement for the audit of the financial statements after the death that the reporting framework was acceptable. There was an agreement between the auditor and Maryward Primary School, both parties agreed to meet when changes arise and when the auditor considers the appropriateness of the matter to do so.In preparation for the audit, the auditor had a tour to Maryward Primary School after the spread meeting with the client. Russell (201269) states that a tour of the area to be audited is permissible and ofttimes times highly desirable. An auditor may tour this area as part of a pre-audit visit to review documents before or after the opening meeting. Travel plans were made and a team of three people was identified and sent to the audit area. PlanningAccording to Puttick et al (2012) the auditor first considers worldlyity at the planning stage of the audit. The auditor made a judgement of literality in order to plan the audit in such a way that equal prove is gathered to draw up a conclusion. Planning materiality was based on the end of year financial statements and budgets. According to Millichamp ( two hundred2) materiality is material if its omission/misstatement could influence the economic decisions taken on the basis of the financial statements.The auditor also considered inherent risk as it has a direct tint on the nature, timing and extent of procedures the auditor plans to perform to gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence in response to the assessed risk of material misstatement. inherent risk as per ISA 400 is the susceptibility of an account balance or class of transactions to misstatements that could be material, one at a time or when aggregated with misstatements in other balances or classes, assuming that there are no related internal controls.The auditor assessed audit risk and inherent risk as it is an essential part of audit planning to help in determining the quality and quantity of evidence gathered and the staff that needed to be assigned to the particular audit. The auditor also obtained an understanding of the business and its environment in order to assess the risk of material misstatement. ISA 310 requires a reasonable understanding of the clients business and industry. The nature of the clients business and industry affects the client business risk and the risk of material misstatements in the financial statements.The auditor used the cognition of these risks to determine the appropriate amount of audit evidence gathered. The auditor through experience is aware of the exposure to problems resulting from the auditors failure to understand comprehensively the nature of transactions in the clients business. The understanding helped the auditor to evaluate the design and implementation of specific controls that could stop or discover and repossess material misstatements at the assertions level. Control risk is the probability that the clients internal control scheme will fail to notice material misstatements.Audit risk is the risk that the auditor will unknowingly express inappropriate opinion on the financial statements. Inherent and control risk are the businesss risks that exist independently of the audit of financial statements, whereas detectio n risk is a function of the effectiveness of an audit procedure and its application by the auditor. Puttick et al (2012) quotes the ISA 200 definition of detection risk detection risk is the risk that the auditor will not detect a misstatement that exists in an assertion that could be material, individually or when aggregated with misstatements.The auditor inquired into the detailed working papers, inspected legal documents and minutes of meetings of the accounting system and its related controls from the management and personnel of the client. A description of the system was recorded and confirmed that the record is an accurate description of the system and a preliminary evaluation of the internal controls was made. Audit planning involves developing an overall scheme for performing the audit.ISA 300 audit strategy describes in simple terms how audit is to be carried out and the audit plan details the exact procedures to be carried out to implement the strategy and complete the au dit. During planning the auditor established an understanding with the client as to the nature of services to be provided and the responsibilities of from each one company through the engagement letter. The auditor developed an overall audit strategy, an audit plan and audit program and documented in the working papers each prodigious business cycle that is, revenue, expenditure, fixed assets, payroll and accounting.Planning continued throughout the entire audit as the auditor accumulated sufficient appropriate audit evidence to support the audit opinion. Performing tests of control and Substantive procedures One of the most important of all the audit stages is the process of testing the internal controls. The aim of tests controls is to obtain evidence that controls on which audit reliance is intended, worked out throughout the period of the financial year under audit. The tests of controls indicated that internal controls are operating in effect the planned audit approach was no t to be changed.These processes and procedures were used to ensure that proper approvals are in place before payment is made or transactions entered in the system. The auditor used the primary method of internal control testing to stochasticly select transactions and checked the source documentation. The random selection from a representative sample revealed that controls are strong, so there was no point for increasing the sample size. A substantive procedure is the authentic process of collecting physical evidence of transactions and verifying the value posted to a specific account is supported by actual documents.This formula of the audit is the most time consuming and is very detailed work. Gray (2008) propounds that at this stage conclusion made by the auditor must be supported by in each case by carefully evaluated evidence that the transactions are all and accurately recorded. As auditors cannot rely completely on management assertion of completeness, the search for unrec orded expenses and liabilities was designed to yield audit evidence of liabilities that were not recorded in the reporting period. A material error or fraud in the inventory has a pervasive effect on the financial statement.Auditing standards requires that the auditor should observe the inventory taking and get along test control. Physical inventory at year end was counted when the auditor was present to observe and perform the dual direction testing to gather evidence for the existence and completeness assertions. This involved the performance of substantive procedures the nature, timing and extent of which responded appropriately to the assessed risk of misstatement at the assertions level to achieve a level of detection risk that will result in an acceptable level of audit risk relating to assertions within financial statements.Evaluating and concluding The last-place stage of auditing process involves evaluating and drawing conclusions on the fair presentation of the financial information and the drafting of the audit report. During this stage the auditor considers the sufficiency of the evidence gathered in support of financial statement assertions. Assertions are the representations of management that are represented in financial statements, for, example, that fixed assets reflected in financial statements exist and are owned by the entity and are sensibly valued.ISA 500R identifies assertions under three categories namely assertions about classes of transactions and events for the period under audit, assertions about account balances at the period end and assertions about presentation and disclosure. The auditor decided on the fair presentation of assertions and evaluated the differences between amounts included in the financial information and amounts supported by audit evidence.The audit differences represent undisciplined material misstatements in the financial statements. The auditor evaluated the effect of uncorrected material misstatements on t he audit and the effect of uncorrected misstatements on the financial statements and tested whether the financial statements as a whole are free of material misstatement. The auditor evaluated the effect of such misstatements on audit opinion. For this purpose, the auditor established a final estimate of materiality.After consideration of all evidence, the auditor concluded that financial statements were not significantly materially misstated and management was not requested to make appropriate adjustments. The expiration stage of the audit is the final stage during which the engagement team and partner responsible for the audit perform finishing procedures, evaluate the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence gathered during the audit and findings in respect of significant risks identified, including fraud risk, in order to form the audit opinion on financial statements.During completion procedures, the auditor reviewed the financial statements on an overall basis perfor ming a final analytical review on period end financial information. The reading of supplementary and other relevant information and resolution of the impact of any significant matters arising were considered. Update inquiries on specific aspects for example, fraud, laws, regulations and evaluation of the results of audit procedures for all significant findings. Written representations from management acknowledging its esponsibility for the design and implementation of internal controls to prevent and detect error were obtained. Reporting The last stage of the audit is finalization. This is the creation of a report to management that summarizes all the procedures used to conduct the audit, the result of the various processes, and supporting documentation. Gray (2008) states that at this stage the auditor summarizes evidence on systems and other aspects seen to be of interest to management and sends a formal report of comments and recommendations.After completion of fieldwork and ana lysis the auditor presented the first draft of findings and recommendations to the client during the exit meeting. Paragraphs 27, 32, and 35b of ISA 700 indicate that the description in the auditors report can refer either to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements or the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view.True in the sense that the auditors information given was factual and conforms to reality and not false, in addition the information conforms to the required standards and law and that the accounts of Maryward Primary School had been correctly extracted from the books and records. Fair in the sense that information given is free from discrimination and bias and in compliance with the pass judgment standards and rules and that the accounts of the client reflect the substance of the businesss underlying transactions.

“Macbeth”: The Tragic Hero Essay

Witches cause Macbeths downfall) By placing this thought in his mind, they efficaciously guide him on the path to the beginning of his own destruction. (Witches cause Macbeths downfall) After Banquo is killed, his ghost attends Macbeths banquet however his ghost is visible plainly to Macbeth. Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth) Shakespeare creates sympathy towards Macbeth when, Macbeths loses all composure in front of his guests when he sees Banquds ghost. His deteriorating mental state departs known to all when he first beholds the ghost. He cries out, megabyte canst say I did it / Never shake thy gory locks at me (3. 4. 61-62) The reader feels pity for a defenseless Macbeth as it becomes evident that his mental balance is change magnitude and this ghost is a direct result of Macbeths guilty conscience (Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth).Macbeth, who was once a strong, righteous character, has urned into a paranoid shell of a man (Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth). In his rise to power, after Macbeth heard the prophecies of the witches he did not personally lease the ambition and eagerness to push back the throne and become king of Scotland (The Direct and Indirect Cause). On the other hand, however, once Lady Macbeth heard that her husband had been fortuned to be king, her lust for greed and selfishness drove her to insist that Macbeth take action immediately to seize the opportunity to become king. The Direct and Indirect Cause) After Lady Macbeth eads the letter from her husband detailing the confrontation with the witches she immediately resolves to have Duncan killed to fulfill the prophecy. Lady Macbeth mentions how she will persuade and talk Macbeth out of whatever is keeping him away from the crown, this includes the killing of Duncan . Hie thee hither, / That I may pour my spirits in thine ear And chastise with the valor of my tongue / All that impedes thee from the golden round, IWhich fate and metaphysical aid doth seem / To have thee crowned withal. (1. 5. 4-29) Macbeth is unsure of the ethical motive of the oth against the deed (1. 7. 14-15). While Macbeth contemplates whether murdering Duncan is possible, Lady Macbeth goes on to remark that if he murders Duncan, Macbeth would be so much more the man (1. 7. 58). This convinces Macbeth into committing the murder. The audience, however, feels sympathy for an insecure Macbeth as he begins his spiral into ultimate destruction (Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth). It appears that without the push of Lady Macbeth the deed would have been unlikely to have taken place. (Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth)Even though Macbeth was influenced by his wife Lady Macbeth and by the witches, Macbeth is also responsible for the actions that lead to his fate. Because ignoring the voice in his own mind telling him right from wrong, Macbeth has set himself to his own destruction. He knows what he is doing is wrong even before he murders Duncan, save he allows Lady Macbeth and greed to cloud his Judgment. (Evoki ng Sympathy for Macbeth) Macbeth could have dismissed the prophecies like Banquo did, but he instead chose to believe in the predictions, which ultimately lead to his own downfall.Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth) Yet again, Shakespeare allows the readers to sympathize for Macbeth by let outing Macbeths hopelessness in the final act. Until the pull round moment, Macbeth believes that none of women born / shall harm Macbeth. (4. 1. 88-89) However, Macduff crushes Macbeths last hope when he informs Macbeth that he, Macduff, was from his mothers womb untimely ripped (5. 8. 19-20) The reader feels sympathy for Macbeth because of his brave display of conviction and pursuit of honorable death. Macbeth dies with dignity by not trying to fght his fate, also invoking pity from the reader. Macbeth Causes His Own Downfall) Macbeth is considered a tragic cuneus because his actions lead to his defeat. However, his wife Lady Macbeths mad plans and the witches prophesies also had a major contribut ion to his downfall. Taking into consideration that Macbeth started off as a respected general, a given over husband, and a loyal subject of the king, sympathy towards him was evoked even after he transformed into an evil, deceitful, and corrupt leader (Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth). Macbeth is considered a tragic hero because his actions lead to his defeat.